Analgesia multimodal domiciliaria con metadona en perfusión intravenosa mediante bomba elastomérica en cirugía mayor ambulatoria / Outpatient intravenous multimodal elastomeric pump with methadone in ambulatory surgery

Antecedentes y objetivo: La analgesia en cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) necesita evolucionar paralelamente a la complejidad quirúrgica. Diseñamos un estudio para intentar mejorar la analgesia en cirugía dolorosa mediante elastómera intravenosa. Como novedad, se incluyó metadona. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional en pacientes ASA I-II, intervenidos en CMA de cirugías con dolor postoperatorio moderado-severo. Se administró analgesia durante 48h mediante elastómera intravenosa de metadona, tramadol, dexketoprofeno y ondansetrón a dosis bajas, y paracetamol oral. A las 24 y 48h se evaluó la eficacia analgésica en reposo y en movimiento (Escala Visual Analógica [EVA], Escala de Andersen y Test de Lattinen), la necesidad de analgesia de rescate y los efectos adversos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 73 pacientes: un 37% de ellos intervenidos de cirugía de pared abdominal, un 30% de hemorroidectomías y un 33% de cirugía del periné. La mediana en reposo a las 24 y 48h fue EVA=0, y en movimiento, fue de 3 a las 24h y de 2 a las 48h. En la Escala de Andersen, a las 24h el 89% presentó puntuación ≤1. En el Test de Lattinen, el 90% presentó una puntuación ≤6. Precisó rescate el 30%. Dos pacientes presentaron vómitos a las 24 y 48h. Se observaron problemas menores con el catéter y la elastómera en el 8% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La analgesia multimodal con metadona intravenosa administrada mediante bomba elastómera para cirugía ambulatoria dolorosa es eficaz y segura. Sin embargo, es necesaria vigilancia para identificar disfunciones del dispositivo

Background and objective: Analgesia in Ambulatory Surgery (AS) needs to evolve in parallel with surgical complexity. We designed a study to try to improve analgesia in painful surgery using an intravenous elastomeric pump. As a novelty, methadone was included. Patients and methods: An observational study, physical status ASA I-II, underwent ambulatory surgeries with moderate-severe postoperative pain. Analgesia was administered for 48h by an intravenous multimodal elastomeric pump (methadone, tramadol, dexketoprofen and ondansetron at low doses). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at rest and movement were evaluated at 24 and 48h. Andersen Scale, Lattinen Test, rescue analgesia and side-effects were recorded at 24h after surgery. Results: We included 73 patients: 37% abdominal wall surgery, 30% hemorrhoidectomies and 33% perineal surgery. Median VAS score at rest and movement were 0 and 3 at 24h, and 0 and 2 at 48h. At 24h, Andersen's Scale score was ≤1 in 89%, and Lattinen Test ≤6 in 90% of patients. Rescue medication was administered in 30% of patients. Two patients had vomiting at 24 and 48h. Minor catheter and pump dysfunctions were observed in 8% of patients. Conclusions: Multimodal analgesia with intravenous methadone administered by elastomeric perfusion at home is effective and safe. However, monitoring is needed to diagnosis dysfunction of devices

Outpatient intravenous multimodal elastomeric pump with methadone in ambulatory surgery. / Analgesia multimodal domiciliaria con metadona en perfusión intravenosa mediante bomba elastomérica en cirugía mayor ambulatoria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Analgesia in Ambulatory Surgery (AS) needs to evolve in parallel with surgical complexity. We designed a study to try to improve analgesia in painful surgery using an intravenous elastomeric pump. As a novelty, methadone was included. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational study, physical status ASA I-II, underwent ambulatory surgeries with moderate-severe postoperative pain. Analgesia was administered for 48h by an intravenous multimodal elastomeric pump (methadone, tramadol, dexketoprofen and ondansetron at low doses). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at rest and movement were evaluated at 24 and 48h. Andersen Scale, Lattinen Test, rescue analgesia and side-effects were recorded at 24h after surgery. RESULTS: We included 73 patients: 37% abdominal wall surgery, 30% hemorrhoidectomies and 33% perineal surgery. Median VAS score at rest and movement were 0 and 3 at 24h, and 0 and 2 at 48h. At 24h, Andersen's Scale score was ≤1 in 89%, and Lattinen Test ≤6 in 90% of patients. Rescue medication was administered in 30% of patients. Two patients had vomiting at 24 and 48h. Minor catheter and pump dysfunctions were observed in 8% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Multimodal analgesia with intravenous methadone administered by elastomeric perfusion at home is effective and safe. However, monitoring is needed to diagnosis dysfunction of devices.

[Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute kidney failure after withdrawal of a central venous catheter]. / Edema pulmonar no cardiogénico y fallo renal agudo tras la retirada de un catéter venoso central.

A 17-year-old male suffered severe noncardiogenic pulmonary edema with arterial hypotension and acute renal insufficiency after withdrawal of a central venous catheter from the subclavian vein. The patient was in semirecumbent supine position with the head of the bed at a 40 degree angle. Resuscitation maneuvers, orotracheal intubation, and hemodynamic support were required. After 4 days in intensive care the patient had fully recovered. Fibrin tracts form around catheters and can create a way for air to enter a vein after catheter removal. The causes of pulmonary edema secondary to venous air embolism have been well studied: it seems that edema develops as a consequence of the sudden appearance of small air bubbles in pulmonary circulation, leading to an acute inflammatory response in pulmonary microvasculature. Experimental studies have shown that edema is associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance that leads to pulmonary hypertension. Venous air embolism as a complication of central venous catheterization is too seldom detected and little stress is placed on this possibility in the care and removal of catheters.

Misplacement of multihole epidural catheters--a report of two cases.

The misplacement of a multihole (three lateral holes) epidural catheter such that it lies partly in the subdural space is demonstrated in two patients by means of epidurographic studies.